Joseph Wright\u27s English Dialect Dictionary (1898-1905) Computerised: architecture and retrieval routine

The Innsbruck government-funded project SPEED (Spoken English in Early Dialects), scheduled for 2006 to 2009, has the aim of digitising and evaluating the famous English Dialect Dictionary by Joseph Wright (1898-1906). This paper topicalises the value of the electronic version of the dictionary and problems of its complex architecture, as well as the retrieval routine aimed at. The paper is an elaborated version of the Powerpoint presentation delivered at the conference. First of all, I try to prove the great value of Wright\u27s dictionary from the point of view of English studies. On the other hand, given the mixed nature of the participants of the Dagstuhl conference, the paper tackles interface problems typically arising when printed texts are computerised, problems ranging from "normalisation" to aspects of parsing and of the design of the query mask

N,N'-dimethylperylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) on alkali halide(001) surfaces

The growth of N,N'-dimethylperylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (DiMe-PTCDI) on KBr(001) and NaCl(001) surfaces has been studied. Experimental results have been achieved using frequency modulation atomic force microscopy at room temperature under ultra-high vacuum conditions. On both substrates, DiMe-PTCDI forms molecular wires with a width of 10 nm, typically, and a length of up to 600 nm at low coverages. All wires grow along the [110] direction (or [1$\bar{1}$0] direction, respectively) of the alkali halide (001) substrates. There is no wetting layer of molecules: Atomic resolution of the substrates can be achieved between the wires. The wires are mobile on KBr surface but substantially more stable on NaCl. A p(2 x 2) superstructure in brickwall arrangement on the ionic crystal surfaces is proposed based on electrostatic considerations. Calculations and Monte-Carlo simulations using empirical potentials reveal possible growth mechanisms for molecules within the first layer for both substrates, also showing a significantly higher binding energy for NaCl(001). For KBr, the p(2 x 2) superstructure is confirmed by the simulations, for NaCl, a less dense, incommensurate superstructure is predicted.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure

The Development of a Single Frequency Place in the Mammalian Cochlea: The Cochlear Resonance in the Mustached Bat Pteronotus parnellii

Cochlear microphonic potentials (CMs) were recorded from the sharply tuned, strongly resonant auditory foveae of 1- to 5-week-old mustached bats that were anesthetized with Rompun and Ketavet. The fovea processes Doppler-shifted echo responses of the constant-frequency component of echolocation calls. During development, the frequency and tuning sharpness of the cochlear resonance increases, and CM ringing persists for longer after the tone. CM is relatively insensitive at tone onset and grows linearly with increased stimulus level. During the tone, the CM is more sensitive and grows compressively with increased stimulus level and phase leads onset CM by 90° for frequencies below the resonance. CM during the ringing is also sensitive and compressive and phase leads onset CM by 180° below the resonance and lags it by 180° above the resonance. Throughout postnatal development, CMs measured during the tone and in the ringing increase both in sensitivity and compression. The cochlear resonance appears to be attributable to interaction between two oscillators. The more broadly tuned oscillator dominates the onset response, and the narrowly tuned oscillator dominates the ringing. Early in development, mechanical coupling between the oscillators results in a relatively broadly tuned system with several frequency modes in the CM at tone onset and in the CM ringing. Beating occurs between the resonance and the stimulus response during the tone and between two components of the narrowly tuned oscillator at tone offset. At maturity, the CM has three modes for frequencies within 10 kHz of the resonance at tone onset and a single, sharply tuned mode in the ringing

Synchronization of a Nonlinear Oscillator: Processing the Cf Component of the Echo-Response Signal in the Cochlea of the Mustached Bat

Cochlear microphonic potential (CM) was recorded from the CF2 region and the sparsely innervated zone (the mustached bat's cochlea fovea) that is specialized for analyzing the Doppler-shifted echoes of the first-harmonic (~61 kHz) of the constant-frequency component of the echolocation call. Temporal analysis of the CM, which is tuned sharply to the 61 kHz cochlear resonance, revealed that at the resonance frequency, and within 1 msec of tone onset, CM is broadly tuned with linear magnitude level functions. CM measured during the ongoing tone and in the ringing after tone offset is 50 dB more sensitive, is sharply tuned, has compressive level functions, and the phase leads onset CM by 90°: an indication that cochlear responses are amplified during maximum basilar membrane velocity. For high-level tones above the resonance frequency, CM appears at tone onset and after tone offset. Measurements indicate that the two oscillators responsible for the cochlear resonance, presumably the basilar and tectorial membranes, move together in phase during the ongoing tone, thereby minimizing net shear between them and hair cell excitation. For tones within 2 kHz of the cochlear resonance the frequency of CM measured within 2 msec of tone onset is not that of the stimulus but is proportional to it. For tones just below the cochlear resonance region CM frequency is a constant amount below that of the stimulus depending on CM measurement delay from tone onset. The frequency responses of the CM recorded from the cochlear fovea can be accounted for through synchronization between the nonlinear oscillators responsible for the cochlear resonance and the stimulus tone

REACTION AND PERFORMANCE TIME OF TAEKWONDO TOP-ATHLETES DEMONSTRATING THE BALDUNG-CHAGI

The purpose of this study was to investigate two factors for success in taekwondo competition, the simple reaction time (RT) - beginning with an external signal and ending with a shoulder, hip or ankle movement – and the performance time (PT) – starting of the Baldung-chagi till hitting the target. Subjects were the top 9 athletes (6 ♂, 3 ♀) from the German National Team. Movements were recorded by 3 infrared cameras of LUKOtronic active marker Motion Capturing System. Seven markers were used, five on the subject (ankle, heel, hip, shoulder, wrist of the kicking side), one trigger marker at the floor, one at the hand-mitt. The average value for the ankle RT is 0.34 sec., 0.26 sec. for hip RT, 0.23 sec. for shoulder RT and 0.31 sec, for PT. A high ankle RT variation, in the range of 0.26 to 0.54 sec, indicates that reducing this variation though training arrangements could improves the probability for success

REACTION TIME IN TAEKWONDO

The purpose of the study was to find out if taekwondo players competing on an international level have faster reactions than recreational taekwondo players or sports students. We measured three different time intervals. The time measurements started with the flashing of a light diode and ended respectively with the first visible movement of the hip, the shoulder or the foot. Differences were found depending on the skill level, age and gender with the taekwondo players competing on an international level showing significant faster reactions

ProSA-web: interactive web service for the recognition of errors in three-dimensional structures of proteins

A major problem in structural biology is the recognition of errors in experimental and theoretical models of protein structures. The ProSA program (Protein Structure Analysis) is an established tool which has a large user base and is frequently employed in the refinement and validation of experimental protein structures and in structure prediction and modeling. The analysis of protein structures is generally a difficult and cumbersome exercise. The new service presented here is a straightforward and easy to use extension of the classic ProSA program which exploits the advantages of interactive web-based applications for the display of scores and energy plots that highlight potential problems spotted in protein structures. In particular, the quality scores of a protein are displayed in the context of all known protein structures and problematic parts of a structure are shown and highlighted in a 3D molecule viewer. The service specifically addresses the needs encountered in the validation of protein structures obtained from X-ray analysis, NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. ProSA-web is accessible at https://prosa.services.came.sbg.ac.a